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Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Limits.Shapes.BinaryBiproducts

Binary biproducts #

We introduce the notion of binary biproducts.

These are slightly unusual relative to the other shapes in the library, as they are simultaneously limits and colimits. (Zero objects are similar; they are "biterminal".)

For results about biproducts in preadditive categories see CategoryTheory.Preadditive.Biproducts.

In a category with zero morphisms, we model the (binary) biproduct of P Q : C using a BinaryBicone, which has a cone point X, and morphisms fst : X ⟶ P, snd : X ⟶ Q, inl : P ⟶ X and inr : X ⟶ Q, such that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q. Such a BinaryBicone is a biproduct if the cone is a limit cone, and the cocone is a colimit cocone.

structure CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicone {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] (P Q : C) :
Type (max uC uC')

A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • pt : C

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • fst : self.pt P

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • snd : self.pt Q

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • inl : P self.pt

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • inr : Q self.pt

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • inl_snd : CategoryStruct.comp self.inl self.snd = 0

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • inr_fst : CategoryStruct.comp self.inr self.fst = 0

    A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

  • A binary bicone for a pair of objects P Q : C consists of the cone point X, maps from X to both P and Q, and maps from both P and Q to X, so that inlfst = 𝟙 P, inlsnd = 0, inrfst = 0, and inrsnd = 𝟙 Q

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    A binary bicone morphism between two binary bicones for the same diagram is a morphism of the binary bicone points which commutes with the cone and cocone legs.

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      @[simp]
      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicone.category_comp_hom {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} {X✝ Y✝ Z✝ : BinaryBicone P Q} (f : X✝ Y✝) (g : Y✝ Z✝) :
      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBiconeMorphism.ext {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} {c c' : BinaryBicone P Q} (f g : c c') (w : f.hom = g.hom) :
      f = g
      def CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicones.ext {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} {c c' : BinaryBicone P Q} (φ : c.pt c'.pt) (winl : CategoryStruct.comp c.inl φ.hom = c'.inl := by aesop_cat) (winr : CategoryStruct.comp c.inr φ.hom = c'.inr := by aesop_cat) (wfst : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.fst = c.fst := by aesop_cat) (wsnd : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.snd = c.snd := by aesop_cat) :
      c c'

      To give an isomorphism between cocones, it suffices to give an isomorphism between their vertices which commutes with the cocone maps.

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        theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicones.ext_inv_hom {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} {c c' : BinaryBicone P Q} (φ : c.pt c'.pt) (winl : CategoryStruct.comp c.inl φ.hom = c'.inl := by aesop_cat) (winr : CategoryStruct.comp c.inr φ.hom = c'.inr := by aesop_cat) (wfst : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.fst = c.fst := by aesop_cat) (wsnd : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.snd = c.snd := by aesop_cat) :
        (ext φ winl winr wfst wsnd).inv.hom = φ.inv
        @[simp]
        theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicones.ext_hom_hom {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} {c c' : BinaryBicone P Q} (φ : c.pt c'.pt) (winl : CategoryStruct.comp c.inl φ.hom = c'.inl := by aesop_cat) (winr : CategoryStruct.comp c.inr φ.hom = c'.inr := by aesop_cat) (wfst : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.fst = c.fst := by aesop_cat) (wsnd : CategoryStruct.comp φ.hom c'.snd = c.snd := by aesop_cat) :
        (ext φ winl winr wfst wsnd).hom.hom = φ.hom

        A functor F : C ⥤ D sends binary bicones for P and Q to binary bicones for G.obj P and G.obj Q functorially.

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          Extract the cone from a binary bicone.

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            Extract the cocone from a binary bicone.

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              Convert a BinaryBicone into a Bicone over a pair.

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                @[reducible, inline]

                A shorthand for toBiconeFunctor.obj

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                  A binary bicone is a limit cone if and only if the corresponding bicone is a limit cone.

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                    Convert a Bicone over a function on WalkingPair to a BinaryBicone.

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                      @[reducible, inline]

                      A shorthand for toBinaryBiconeFunctor.obj

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                        A bicone over a pair is a limit cone if and only if the corresponding binary bicone is a limit cone.

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                          structure CategoryTheory.Limits.BinaryBicone.IsBilimit {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {P Q : C} (b : BinaryBicone P Q) :
                          Type (max uC uC')

                          Structure witnessing that a binary bicone is a limit cone and a limit cocone.

                          • isLimit : IsLimit b.toCone

                            Structure witnessing that a binary bicone is a limit cone and a limit cocone.

                          • isColimit : IsColimit b.toCocone

                            Structure witnessing that a binary bicone is a limit cone and a limit cocone.

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                            A binary bicone is a bilimit bicone if and only if the corresponding bicone is a bilimit.

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                              A bicone over a pair is a bilimit bicone if and only if the corresponding binary bicone is a bilimit.

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                                A bicone over P Q : C, which is both a limit cone and a colimit cocone.

                                • bicone : BinaryBicone P Q

                                  A bicone over P Q : C, which is both a limit cone and a colimit cocone.

                                • isBilimit : self.bicone.IsBilimit

                                  A bicone over P Q : C, which is both a limit cone and a colimit cocone.

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                                  HasBinaryBiproduct P Q expresses the mere existence of a bicone which is simultaneously a limit and a colimit of the diagram pair P Q.

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                                    A bicone for P Q which is both a limit cone and a colimit cocone.

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                                      HasBinaryBiproducts C represents the existence of a bicone which is simultaneously a limit and a colimit of the diagram pair P Q, for every P Q : C.

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                                        A category with finite biproducts has binary biproducts.

                                        This is not an instance as typically in concrete categories there will be an alternative construction with nicer definitional properties.

                                        The isomorphism between the specified binary product and the specified binary coproduct for a pair for a binary biproduct.

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                                          @[reducible, inline]

                                          An arbitrary choice of biproduct of a pair of objects.

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                                            An arbitrary choice of biproduct of a pair of objects.

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                                              @[reducible, inline]

                                              The projection onto the first summand of a binary biproduct.

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                                                The projection onto the second summand of a binary biproduct.

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                                                  The inclusion into the first summand of a binary biproduct.

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                                                    The inclusion into the second summand of a binary biproduct.

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                                                      @[reducible, inline]
                                                      abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.lift {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct X Y] (f : W X) (g : W Y) :
                                                      W X Y

                                                      Given a pair of maps into the summands of a binary biproduct, we obtain a map into the binary biproduct.

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                                                        @[reducible, inline]
                                                        abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.desc {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct X Y] (f : X W) (g : Y W) :
                                                        X Y W

                                                        Given a pair of maps out of the summands of a binary biproduct, we obtain a map out of the binary biproduct.

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                                                          abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.map {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                          W X Y Z

                                                          Given a pair of maps between the summands of a pair of binary biproducts, we obtain a map between the binary biproducts.

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                                                            @[reducible, inline]
                                                            abbrev CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.map' {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                            W X Y Z

                                                            An alternative to biprod.map constructed via colimits. This construction only exists in order to show it is equal to biprod.map.

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                                                              The canonical isomorphism between the chosen biproduct and the chosen coproduct.

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                                                                theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.map_eq_map' {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                                map f g = map' f g
                                                                def CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.mapIso {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                                W X Y Z

                                                                Given a pair of isomorphisms between the summands of a pair of binary biproducts, we obtain an isomorphism between the binary biproducts.

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                                                                  theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.mapIso_inv {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                                  (mapIso f g).inv = map f.inv g.inv
                                                                  @[simp]
                                                                  theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.mapIso_hom {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] (f : W Y) (g : X Z) :
                                                                  (mapIso f g).hom = map f.hom g.hom

                                                                  Binary biproducts are unique up to isomorphism. This already follows because bilimits are limits, but in the case of biproducts we can give an isomorphism with particularly nice definitional properties, namely that biprod.lift b.fst b.snd and biprod.desc b.inl b.inr are inverses of each other.

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                                                                    instance CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.map_epi {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} (f : W Y) (g : X Z) [Epi f] [Epi g] [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] :
                                                                    Epi (map f g)
                                                                    instance CategoryTheory.Limits.prod.map_epi {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} (f : W Y) (g : X Z) [Epi f] [Epi g] [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] :
                                                                    Epi (map f g)
                                                                    instance CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.map_mono {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} (f : W Y) (g : X Z) [Mono f] [Mono g] [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] :
                                                                    Mono (map f g)
                                                                    instance CategoryTheory.Limits.coprod.map_mono {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] {W X Y Z : C} (f : W Y) (g : X Z) [Mono f] [Mono g] [HasBinaryBiproduct W X] [HasBinaryBiproduct Y Z] :
                                                                    Mono (map f g)

                                                                    A kernel fork for the kernel of BinaryBicone.fst. It consists of the morphism BinaryBicone.inr.

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                                                                      A kernel fork for the kernel of BinaryBicone.snd. It consists of the morphism BinaryBicone.inl.

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                                                                        A cokernel cofork for the cokernel of BinaryBicone.inl. It consists of the morphism BinaryBicone.snd.

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                                                                          A cokernel cofork for the cokernel of BinaryBicone.inr. It consists of the morphism BinaryBicone.fst.

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                                                                            The fork defined in BinaryBicone.fstKernelFork is indeed a kernel.

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                                                                              The fork defined in BinaryBicone.sndKernelFork is indeed a kernel.

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                                                                                The cofork defined in BinaryBicone.inlCokernelCofork is indeed a cokernel.

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                                                                                  The cofork defined in BinaryBicone.inrCokernelCofork is indeed a cokernel.

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                                                                                    The kernel of biprod.fst : X ⊞ Y ⟶ X is Y.

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                                                                                      The kernel of biprod.snd : X ⊞ Y ⟶ Y is X.

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                                                                                        The cokernel of biprod.inl : X ⟶ X ⊞ Y is Y.

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                                                                                          The cokernel of biprod.inr : Y ⟶ X ⊞ Y is X.

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                                                                                            If Y is a zero object, X ≅ X ⊞ Y for any X.

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                                                                                              If X is a zero object, Y ≅ X ⊞ Y for any Y.

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                                                                                                The braiding isomorphism which swaps a binary biproduct.

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                                                                                                  An alternative formula for the braiding isomorphism which swaps a binary biproduct, using the fact that the biproduct is a coproduct.

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                                                                                                    The braiding isomorphism can be passed through a map by swapping the order.

                                                                                                    The braiding isomorphism is symmetric.

                                                                                                    The associator isomorphism which associates a binary biproduct.

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                                                                                                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.associator_natural {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] [HasBinaryBiproducts C] {U V W X Y Z : C} (f : U X) (g : V Y) (h : W Z) :

                                                                                                      The associator isomorphism can be passed through a map by swapping the order.

                                                                                                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.associator_natural_assoc {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] [HasBinaryBiproducts C] {U V W X Y Z : C} (f : U X) (g : V Y) (h : W Z) {Z✝ : C} (h✝ : X Y Z Z✝) :
                                                                                                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.associator_inv_natural {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] [HasBinaryBiproducts C] {U V W X Y Z : C} (f : U X) (g : V Y) (h : W Z) :

                                                                                                      The associator isomorphism can be passed through a map by swapping the order.

                                                                                                      theorem CategoryTheory.Limits.biprod.associator_inv_natural_assoc {C : Type uC} [Category.{uC', uC} C] [HasZeroMorphisms C] [HasBinaryBiproducts C] {U V W X Y Z : C} (f : U X) (g : V Y) (h : W Z) {Z✝ : C} (h✝ : (X Y) Z Z✝) :

                                                                                                      An object is indecomposable if it cannot be written as the biproduct of two nonzero objects.

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                                                                                                        If

                                                                                                        (f 0)
                                                                                                        (0 g)
                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        is invertible, then f is invertible.

                                                                                                        If

                                                                                                        (f 0)
                                                                                                        (0 g)
                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        is invertible, then g is invertible.